Breast reconstruction

It is considered one of the plastic surgeries that aims to restore the natural shape and ideal size of the breasts; For cases that have undergone excision operations, or breast tumors, whether it was done partially or completely for the breast; In order to restore the patient's positive psychological state and self-confidence, this surgery is done in more than one way, either using silicone implants or autologous tissues, and here is all the information about breast reconstruction surgery.

What is the breast augmentation process?

A cosmetic surgical procedure in which a new shape is created for the breast that has been removed; As a result of tumors, the entire breast, or part of it, is usually removed. Breast reconstruction can be performed at any time depending on the situation, whether with a mastectomy, or some months, or even years.

There are many options available for breast reconstruction, which the doctor will discuss with the condition; To reach the best shape, whether by choosing the method of implantation and implantation, or by using tissue from another part of the patient's body, mostly from the lower abdomen.

These operations are characterized by high rates of success, especially with the great scientific development in this specialty, which has created the so-called conservative breast surgeries, based on early detection of breast cancer; Thus, removing the least amount of healthy tissue in the affected breast, and even preventive mastectomy operations; For those who prove and conclusively prove the existence of genetic genes; Lead to infection with this disease during a certain period.

Benefits of breast reconstruction

This important plastic surgery gives women the shape and size of the breasts are symmetrical, closer to the natural, and thus enhance their confidence, and comfort when wearing clothes; Without the need to use artificial breasts, or bra inserts.

The most important reasons for resorting to breast reconstruction can be summarized in the following points:

• restoring the shape of the breast after the operation; Whether as a treatment for cancer, or as a preventive measure to reduce its incidence, in women who are genetically susceptible to infection.
• Dissatisfaction with the results of previous breast implants, and the desire to modify them.
• التشوهات الخلقية في الثدي، مثل الأثداء الأنبوبية، أو عدم تماثل شكل الثديين، أو حتى عدم نمو أحدهما.

Who are the candidates for breast reconstruction surgeries? Are the results normal?

Every woman who underwent a mastectomy; A strong candidate for breast reconstruction surgery, whether immediately with the excision itself, or at a later time, and this depends on the patient’s health condition, and the doctor’s vision, because there are cases that cannot bear to perform both surgeries together, and other cases may have complications, after reconstruction surgery the breast; In this case, the doctor advises not to perform this operation at all.

في أغلب الأحيان تحوز نتائج عملية بناء الثدي على إعجاب السيدات، ولكن البعض الآخر يكون غير راضياً عن النتائج. لكن في واقع الأمر لا تكون نتائج العملية مطابقة تماما لشكل الثدي الطبيعي، حيث سيكون الثدي المعاد بنائه أقل حساسية، وأكثر شدة، فضلاً عن عدم تأثره بزيادة الوزن أو نقصانه.

What is the appropriate timing for breast reconstruction surgery?

There is more than one option in this part. There are those who prefer surgery with a mastectomy, and others prefer it at a later time. This matter is discussed with the doctor who helps the patient reach the right decision according to the nature of the case, especially that both cases have an advantage:

• Immediate breast reconstruction with excision may benefit the ability to preserve the breast skin; excision of the nipple and breast; without removing much of the skin overlying the breast.
• As for performing breast reconstruction at a later time, whether it is months or years later; It gives the woman a lot of time to think, and to make sure that she wants to perform the operation, especially since it is possible during that period, to get used to the shape of the breast after excision; You do not want to do reconstructive surgery.

Important tips before undergoing breast reconstruction

You should talk with full transparency with the doctor about the desired goals of the operation, the size of the expectations, and transparently review the risks and complications resulting from the breast reconstruction process. In general, the appropriate breast reconstruction operation is determined; The situation depends on several factors, most notably:

• The general health of the condition, and factors that delay tissue healing, such as chronic disease, smoking, etc.
• chest size.
• Tumor size and location in the breast.
• The volume of tissue remaining from the excision process.
• Complete treatment plan (includes post-operative treatments).
• Operation cost.

It is not required for every woman to have a mastectomy; Performing the construction process, especially with the presence of many non-surgical alternatives, such as the artificial breast that can be manufactured specifically for the patient, according to the measurements of the chest and its circumference. Or the use of custom bras, and these alternatives are very feasible for women who do not want to perform more surgeries after the mastectomy, or have health or financial obstacles that prevent them from performing the breast-construction operation.

What are the types of breast augmentation process؟

The doctor talks with the patient about the reasons that led her to want to perform the surgery, and with the study of her health condition, he will choose the most appropriate type of implant for her; Depending on the possibilities available to her case; They are of two types:

1- Breast reconstruction using silicone implants

Through this surgery, the implant bag is placed under the chest muscle, which is either silicone, saline or both, and this method is the easiest and fastest, but it has the disadvantage of non-permanent results, where, according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, does not exceed the duration of The implant stays from 10 to 20 years, meaning that the patient will need another operation; To change the implants, there are also many risks related to changing the implant location, leakage of its content, etc.

It is worth noting that there is no relationship between implant bags and the return of cancer, and the implants come in different types and shapes, and give a different texture and structure. . 

2- Breast reconstruction by grafting or using the same tissue as the body

During this process, tissue from the skin, fat, and sometimes muscles are taken from another area of ​​the patient’s body (buttocks, abdomen, or back), and used in the process of breast building, one of its advantages is long-term results, but its disadvantage is that it is more difficult than silicone implants, and it takes Slightly longer time, in addition to the length of the recovery period, and sometimes the results are not the same as the natural breast.

How long does the breast augmentation process take and what are its complications?

The duration of breast reconstruction surgery varies; Depending on its type and nature, but on average it takes from 1 to 6 hours, including the anesthesia period.

Some side effects may appear after surgery, such as breast pain or a feeling of stiffness, but these symptoms will disappear within several weeks. As for complications, although they are rare, they may be as follows:

• Bleeding occurs.
• Fluid pooling in the area of ​​the implant or graft.
• Infection or infection.
• The appearance of scars, which may fade with time, but do not disappear completely.

Finally, the process of building the breast in whole or in part is one of the very successful plastic surgeries, and its positive effects are tangible; The condition of the patient's adherence to the instructions, and health instructions with the utmost accuracy.

ثانيا: الجراحة العامة

This department specializes in diagnosing diseases that require surgical operations to treat them, but the surgeon’s role here is not limited to performing surgery only, but also following up and caring for the condition before, during and after surgery as well. The surgery department includes many specialties such as the digestive system, abdomen and its contents, breast, skin and tissues. Soft, endocrine, and tumor surgery, and surgeries extend on a wide range, where the severity of the daily cases faced by the surgeon range from critical cases that need immediate emergency surgical intervention, and between cold cases that do not pose any danger to the patient, and a later appointment can be scheduled Among the most common of these cases, we mention the following

1. جراحات الثدي :

Breast surgery is a very common type of surgery because it is a key factor in treating breast cancer, and it can also be used as an option to reduce the incidence of this disease in the future, especially for women who have a high risk of developing the disease. Breast surgery can be used as a single treatment, or in combination with other treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, hormone therapy or targeted therapy. Breast surgery techniques require several procedures, varying according to the situation and the surgeon’s opinion. There are cases that require the need to completely remove the breast and others that require partial excision, as well as cases of breast restoration and repair, etc. The goal of breast surgery is to remove cancerous cells and it is used in the following cases:

• An increased risk of breast cancer for some women.
• Non-disseminated breast cancer.
• Breast cancer in the early stage.
• Larger breast cancer cases.
• Locally advanced cases of breast cancer.
• Recurrent breast cancer.

• Periodic and early detection of breast tumors

It is considered one of the very important things that may save the lives of many cases of breast cancer, especially when it helps to detect the disease in its early stages. Periodic and early detection of breast tumors is done by performing a regular mammogram; To detect any abnormal growths in breast tissue, including for example small calcifications, cysts, tumors that may not be noticed during a breast self-examination. Mammography is the first step in determining whether or not breast cancer is present. There is also diagnostic radiography, and this is used to obtain more accuracy through several images from different angles; So that the doctor can diagnose the condition, especially if she suffers from pain, a lump, etc.

Steps for periodic and early detection of breast tumors

1. Initially, the doctor will ask the patient to fill out a medical history form and make notes about exposure to any unusual signs or symptoms.
2. The patient will be taken to a special room, where she will be asked to remove any jewelry or accessories as well as clothing from above the waist and then provide her clothes.
3. The examination begins with the patient standing in front of the mammography machine.
4. One breast is placed horizontally on a plate with an adjustment of height, then the second plate is pressed on the upper part of the breast so that the breast tissue is single and of equal thickness, and with stable vision, the doctor takes the x-ray image.
5. The examination usually takes only a few seconds, during which the patient must stand still and hold her breath.
6. The pressure from the device may cause the patient to feel uncomfortable, but the nurse can make some adjustments to reduce any feeling of pain.
7. Shortly after the examination is completed; The doctor will inform the patient about the presence of any indications of anything abnormal or not, and the doctor may request further examinations, reviews or treatments. In general, it is preferable for women over the age of 40 to have this examination once every one or two years. As for women at risk of developing breast cancer; Having a family history of the disease or noticing an abnormal mass in one or both breasts; They should go to the doctor for an examination as soon as possible.

Partial mastectomy

physician removes the cancer, treats it, treats it, treats it, treats it, and treats it in part like any advantages that have advantages and disadvantages. Among the advantages of these surgeries are:A large portion of the breast is preserved and recovery is within several weeks, with less change in the body compared to a total mastectomy. As for the defects, they are represented in the uneven size of the breasts, as well as the fatigue resulting from radiotherapy, which may last for several months. It was also found that there are some cases in which the cancer re-attacks again, and here the case cannot resort to radiotherapy again, but the solution is The only one is total excision.

When is a partial mastectomy used?

Partial mastectomy is a suitable option for treating early-stage breast cancer, and may also be used to rule out cancer. These surgeries are also called “lumpectomy” where the surgeon removes cancer or other abnormal tissue, along with a small amount of healthy breast tissue that surrounds the tumor, while preserving as much as possible the appearance of the breast. Studies have confirmed that surgery in early cases and when it is followed by radiotherapy; It is as effective in reducing the recurrence of infection as it is resulting from the complete mastectomy.

The surgery is done under general anesthesia, and the doctor makes an incision over the tumor area, then removes it and some surrounding tissue, and then sends it to the laboratory for analysis. The incision is then closed, taking into account the preservation of the breast's shape, using surgical sutures that dissolve on their own.

Totally mastectomy

This surgery aims to completely remove the breast tissue, and this surgery is often used; When no other alternatives are available. It is done by subjecting the patient to a process of general anesthesia, and then making a surgical incision in the chest, but it should be noted that the surgeries for a total mastectomy are performed in more than one way, and the doctor will talk to the patient about the best way for her condition. In some cases and during surgery, the doctor may remove one or more lymph nodes from the patient's armpit area; To examine it and see if cancer cells have moved to it or not.

As for the advantages of total mastectomy, it was found that it consists in making sure that the cancer does not return again, and that the patient does not need radiotherapy after surgery. Breast reconstruction surgery.

In general, there are many factors on the basis of which the doctor chooses the type of surgery that is most appropriate for the patient, most notably the size of the tumor, the location of the tumor in the breast, whether the cancer has spread or not, as well as the patient’s general health.

Tumor removal surgeries in the markets of Al-Khobar

Breast tumors are among the most common types of tumors; According to the World Health Organization, the number of infected people in 2020 amounted to about 2.3 million people; Therefore, doctors and international organizations are working to spread awareness of the need for early detection of breast tumors, whether benign or malignant, especially that there is a misconception about the danger of breast tumors and that they are limited only to malignant tumors, but in fact benign tumors are also no less dangerous here, and whenever they are disposal in its early stages; The more the better.

Benign tumors are lumps that appear in one or both breasts, and doctors are likely to appear for several reasons, most notably a change in the level of estrogen in the body, or weight gain or reaching menopause, and the most prominent types of benign breast tumors are as follows:

• fibroadenoma;
• تكيسات الثدي.
• التغيرات الكيسية الليفية بالثدي.
• الأورام الحليمية.

أغلب الأورام الحميدة لا تحتاج إلى علاج، فهي تختفي من تلقاء نفسها، ولكن هناك بعض الحالات التي تستدعي إجراء عملية استئصال الورم الحميد، أبرزها أنها تكون مؤلمة للمريض أو تشكل خطراً بالإصابة بسرطان الثدي، أو أن حجمه كبير أو يزداد الحجم بمرور الوقت.

خطوات إجراء جراحة استئصال الثدي الحميد مع إصلاح الثدي

• تتم الجراحة تحت التخدير الكلي، ويتم تعقيم المنطقة المستهدفة بالكامل.
• يقوم الجراح بعمل شق جراحي أسفل منطقة الورم.
• ثم يقوم باستئصال الورم من بين أنسجة الثدي السليمة.
• يغلق الطبيب الشق الجراحي بعد إعادة أنسجة الثدي السليمة لوضعها الطبيعي.
• تركيب أنابيب التصريف في الجرح والتي تستخدم للتخلص من الدم والسوائل الزائدة.

تستغرق جراحة استئصال الورم الحميد في المتوسط من ساعة إلى ساعتين؛ تبعاً لحجم الورم والوضع الصحي للمريض وتستغرق فترة التعافي عدة أسابيع

 

 

جراحات استئصال خراج الثدي

Breast abscess or the so-called pyoderma is an abscess formation inside the breast tissue, where a sac filled with pus forms, which is a sticky, turbid liquid with an unpleasant smell, and its color ranges from white, yellow to brown, and this condition results from the development of bacterial infection or acute mastitis. Inflammation begins with the entry of germs through cracks in the nipple, inside the breast tissue, and this condition is very common in nursing mothers, and with no rapid intervention to treat inflammation; It progresses to a breast abscess.
Usually germs reach inside and outside the breast, but the next reason for the emergence of the disease is the exit of germs from the skin to the outside, and the reason for the occurrence of erosion is the condition of quick action to treat it, One of the most important symptoms of the disease is severe and increasing pain in the disease. Because the abscess is filled with pus and swells up like a balloon; Causing pressure on tissues and nerves in physiotherapy in physiotherapy; It results in excruciating pain. In addition to the symptoms of such symptoms can support the increase of its symptoms in the skin. Cases that develop into high temperatures, pain and effects,. Mostly, photography photography photography eco photography
There are cases of small breast abscess that can be dealt with through a simple surgery performed under local anesthesia, during which the doctor withdraws the contents of the abscess with a needle with the administration of some antibiotics, and follow-up until complete recovery.
But there are late cases that need surgery under general anesthesia, where the abscess is deep inside the breast, and the surgeon makes an incision in the breast to open the abscess and then clean it using sterile fluids, and then a tube inside the cavity to drain fluids and then closes the wound, and it remains for several days after surgery until fluid stops draining through the tube; It is removed. After that surgery there is no need to use antibiotics.
وجب التنويه على أنه من الهام جداً عدم إهمال علاج خراج الثدي؛ لأنه من الممكن أن ينشر الالتهاب إلى كامل نسيج الثدي وبالتالي تلفه، وتلك الحالة قد تتطلب إجراء جراحة استئصال للثدي..